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Trigeminus neuropathy in the dog
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Trigeminus neuropathy is commonly seen in men due to a variety of reasons. One of the most common is a herpes virus infection. But what about dogs? How common is a neuropathy of this very important nerve and what about the reasons in this species? A very fascinating study!
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The medical records of 29 dogs unable to close their mouths due to flaccid paralysis or paresis of the muscles innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, were reviewed.
Idiopathic trigeminal neuropathy was diagnosed in 26 dogs based on complete resolution of clinical signs and lack of any long-term neurological disease.
Of these dogs, golden retrievers were over-represented.
No age, sex, or seasonal predispositions were identified.
Trigeminal sensory innervation deficits were observed in 35% (9/26), facial nerve deficits were observed in 8% (2/26), and HornerÂ’s syndrome was observed in 8% (2/26) of dogs.
Electromyographic examination of the muscles of mastication revealed abnormalities in seven of nine dogs. Results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis were abnormal in seven of eight dogs. Corticosteroid therapy did not affect the clinical course of the disease.
Mean time to recovery was 22 days.
Lymphosarcoma, Neospora caninum infection, and severe polyneuritis of unknown origin were diagnosed in three of 29 dogs at necropsy.
Source: Philipp D. Mayhew, William W. Bush, Eric N. Glass (2002): Trigeminal Neuropathy in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 29 Cases (1991–2000). In: Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 38:262-270 (2002)
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